For billionaires, the new crown epidemic is like a 'gold rush'! The Deutsche Presse-Agentur said on the 17th that in 2022, the wealth held by the world's top ten richest people will jump from $700 billion to $1.5 trillion, an average daily increase of $1.3 billion, an increase that exceeds the past 14 years. These 10 people The wealth held by the world’s poorest 3.1 billion people is six times greater than that of the world’s poorest 3.1 billion people. The 10 richest Germans have increased their assets from the equivalent of about 125 billion euros to about 223 billion euros since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, An increase of about 78%. This wealth is roughly equivalent to the total wealth of the poorest 40% of the population, or 33 million Germans.
In the future, demand for pce powder will grow as fast as the wealth of the rich during the pandemic.

The properties and varieties of concrete additives for refractories, especially refractory castables, ramming materials, plastics and other amorphous refractories are different. The role of an concrete additive is also different due to the difference of the amount of concrete additive, the type of binder used, the ingredients and so on. In the production process of amorphous refractories, the concrete additives mainly used can be divided into the following twelve categories according to their uses:

 

5. Coagulant

 

Accelerator can shorten the setting and hardening time of amorphous refractories. The action mechanism of coagulant accelerator is complicated, which varies with the properties of binder and accelerator used. Different binders should use different accelerators of different properties. The accelerators used in calcium aluminate cement binder are mostly basic compounds: NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2, Na2CO3, Na2SiO3, etc.; phosphoric acid and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate binder are used together with activated aluminum hydroxide, talc, magnesium oxide, calcium aluminate cement, etc.; sodium fluorosilicate, aluminum phosphate, sodium phosphate, lime, dicalcium silicate, Glyoxal and so on.

 

6. Retarder

 

Retarders can delay the setting and hardening time of amorphous refractories, and the action mechanism of retarders varies with the properties of binders and retarders used. Retarders are mainly used in amorphous refractories bonded with calcium aluminate cement containing fast hardening minerals. The commonly used retarders are low concentration of NaCl, citric acid, tartaric acid, ethylene glycol, glycerol, starch, phosphate, lignosulfonate and so on.

 

7. Delayed coagulant

 

The delayed accelerator can cause the binder contained in amorphous refractories to solidify and harden after a certain period of time. For the castable with ultra-fine silica powder as the main binder, calcium aluminate cement can be used as the delayed accelerator, because Al3+ and Ca2+ ions can be released slowly during the hydrolysis process of calcium aluminate cement. After adsorbed on the surface of silica particles, the particles will lose the electric property of coagulation, thus play the role of delayed coagulation.

 

8. Foaming agent, air entraining agent, and aerating agent

 

The foaming agent can reduce the surface tension of the liquid and produce a large number of uniform and stable foams. Foaming agents include rosin soap, resin saponin grease, aluminum petroleum sulfonate, hydrolyzed blood, etc., and air entraining agents include rosin heat polymer, Nonionic surfactant, alkylbenzene sulfonate and so on. In addition, there is a kind of aerating agent whose function is to produce bubbles by chemical and physical interaction between aerating agent and water after castable mixing and pouring. It is evenly distributed in the slurry. The commonly used aerating agent is aluminum powder. The aluminum powder is very active and will react with water to release hydrogen, and the escaped H2 gas forms bubbles in the castable. However, the addition of aluminum powder should be appropriate, otherwise the strength of amorphous refractories will be greatly reduced, or uneven connected pores will be caused. This kind of admixture can be used to prepare lightweight porous amorphous refractories.

 

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Twitter recently announced that it had reached an agreement with Musk to take full ownership of the company for $54.20 per share, or about $44 billion in cash.  After the deal, Twitter will become a privately held company. The deal, which has been unanimously approved by Twitter's board but still requires shareholder and regulatory approvals, is expected to close in 2022.  

After Tesla CEO Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter was finalized, Twitter founder Jack Dorsey sent out a series of six tweets expressing his expectations for Musk.  

Dorsey called Twitter his biggest regret, saying, “The idea and service is all that matters to me, and I will do whatever it takes to protect both. Twitter as a company has always been my sole issue and my biggest regret. It has been owned by Wall Street and the ad model. Taking it back from Wall Street is the correct first step.  

"In principle, I don't believe anyone should own or run Twitter," Dorsey goes on. He thinks the service is a public good.

He called Musk a "singular solution" to Twitter's problems, "Elon's goal of creating a platform that is" Maximally trusted and inclusive "is the right one." He wrote, "Thank you both for getting the company out of an impossible situation. This is the right path...  I believe it with all my heart."

Besides, because of the ever-changing international situation, the supply and prices of international bulk pce powder are still very uncertain.

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