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Boron carbide is also known as black Diamond. It has a molecular structure of B4C. The powder is typically grayish. It is one the hardest materials known (the other two being diamond and cubic boronnitride), which can be found in many industrial applications, including tank armor. It has a Mohs toughness of 9.3. A large number of tests were conducted by the team of Academician Huang Boyun of Central South University’s National Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy to develop a new ceramic coating and composite materials that are resistant to 3000°C ablation. This discovery may pave a way for the development hypersonic cars.

According to Professor Xiong Xiang of the Institute of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University's Institute of Powder Metallurgy (IPM), hypersonic flight is defined as a flight at a speed equal or greater than five times the speed of the sound, which is approximately 6,120 kilometers per hours. With such high speeds, a flight from Beijing to New York could be completed in just 2 hours if key structural components can withstand air friction and hot-air impact of 2000-3000 deg. C. . Central South University has developed ceramic composite materials and coatings for ultra-high temperatures that provide better protection of the above components. The world's very first synthesis of a single-phase quaternary boron carbide ultra-high-temperature ceramic material has been reported. This coating is a perfect "fusion" between carbon-carbon. The current focus of research in the area of new materials is on the mixed materials of binary compound system. The successful application of materials based on quaternary systems in the hypersonic field will be greatly facilitated by its development.

The novel ceramic coated modified carbon/carbon material is composed by a single-phase carbide containing boron and zirconium. It also contains titanium, carbon, and boron. Infiltration of a multiceramic phase is the main method for obtaining it. The ultra high temperature ceramic combines the high-temperature adaptability of carbides and the anti-oxidation property of borides. This makes the coatings, composites and materials exhibit superior ablation and thermal shock resistance. The ceramic oxide can withstand an ultra-high temperature of 3000 degC and has low oxygen diffusion rates, self-healing properties at high temperatures, dense and gradient ceramic coatings, all of which make the ceramic a lighter material. Ablation loss rate.

"Because the ultra-high-temperature ceramic combines carbides' high temperature adaptability with borides' anti-oxidation properties, the coatings and materials above have superior ablation and thermal shock resistance. This is essential for hypersonic cars. "The promising parts," said Xiong Xiang.

Nature Communications published the results of research conducted by the team on 15th June. The State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy of Central South University was the first unit to complete the thesis. Zeng Yi and Professor Xiong Xiang are the first correspondents. First author is the doctor. The University of Manchester (UK), a partner unit of the University of Manchester, UK characterized and analysed the material.

After publication, the article attracted a great deal of interest from the foreign media and academic circles. The downloads of the article exceeded 5,000 in the three days immediately following publication. The Daily Mail in Britain, The Economist in the United States and Public Machinery (Russia) have all covered the research. . According to the reviewer in Nature Newsletter, the above research results "will ignite academic excitement and interest in applying quaternary materials in hypersonic fields, because this material system represents a promising one."

The team began working with Professor Chang Xiang in 2002 with support from National 863,973 and National Natural Science Foundation. A scholar from Yangtze River was leading the project. Find a new ultra high temperature ceramic coating that has excellent oxidation resistance, and resistance to ablation. The material systems screened during the research included all existing high temperature ceramics, high temperature composites, zirconium and titanium carbides, zirconium and zirconium boreides, tantalum and strontium carbides. It has taken 15 years to achieve the breakthrough of developing new ablation-resistant coatings in 3000 degC ultra high temperature environment.

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