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Four types of boron-nitride are available in powder form: hexagonal (HBN), cubic (CBN), rhombohedral, and wurtzite. The most common boron nitride produced is white graphite, which has a structure similar to graphite. The need to increase battery capacity, improve battery life, and ensure safe battery operations is becoming increasingly important. This is a challenge, because we are all relying more on electric vehicles and mobile devices that use this energy. The Overseas University Engineering team, led by Yuan Yang assistant professor of Materials Science and Engineering, announced on April 22, 2019 that a new technique has been developed for safely extending battery life. This involves implanting a nanocoating made from boron (BN) to stabilize the electrolyte solid in a lithium-metal battery.

Presently, the conventional lithium-ion batteries used in everyday life are very common. The batteries' low energy density can lead to a shorter life expectancy and even short circuits. This is due to the highly-flammable liquid electrolyte that fills the battery. It is possible to increase the energy density by using lithium metal in place of graphite as the anode of a Li-ion Battery. The theoretical capacity of lithium metallic is 10 times that of graphite. However, dendrites easily form in the process. A short circuit can occur if the dendrites reach the separator, located in the middle, of the battery.

Yang explained: "We chose to concentrate on solid ceramic electrolytes." Solid ceramics electrolytes are a great alternative to the flammable liquids used in lithium-ion batteries. They offer greater safety and power density.

Since most solid electrolytes consist of ceramic, they are non-flammable and do not pose any safety risks. Solid ceramic electrolytes are also strong mechanically and can even inhibit the growth or dendrites of lithium, so the lithium metal is able to become the battery anode. The majority of solid electrolytes do not react well with lithium metal, and they are easily corroded.

To address these challenges, the research team collaborated with the Brookhaven National Lab and the City University of New York deposited a 5 to 10 nm boron nitride (BN) nanofilm as a protective layer to insulate the electrical contact between the metallic lithium and the ionic conductor (solid electrolyte), a small amount of polymer or liquid electrolyte is added to penetrate the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Researchers selected boron nitride to be the protective layer, as it has high electrical insulation and is chemically and mechanically resistant to lithium. The researchers created boron with holes that allowed lithium ions to pass. This made it an ideal separator. This method also makes it easy to create a thin, continuous film of boron Nitride on a large scale (decimeters) and atom-like (nanoscale).

Researchers are currently expanding their methods to include a wide range of solid electrolytes, and optimizing interfaces in the hope of producing solid-state batteries that have high performance and a long cycle life.

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